Efeito agudo do exercício físico nas funções executivas de crianças e adolescentes
uma revisão sistemática e metanálise
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47385/cedvr.2217.6.2025Palavras-chave:
Cognição, Atividade física, Controle executivo, Desenvolvimento infantilResumo
A adoção de um estilo de vida ativo tem sido apontada como uma possível estratégia capaz de promover benefícios à saúde mental e ao funcionamento executivo. Evidências sugerem que até mesmo sessões únicas de exercício físico podem, de forma pouco invasiva, gerar melhorias temporárias nas funções executivas de crianças e adolescentes, contudo, os resultados ainda são inconclusivos. Esta revisão sistemática com metanálise teve como objetivo examinar estudos que investigaram o efeito agudo do exercício físico no desempenho das funções executivas de crianças e adolescentes até 18 anos de idade, incluindo intervenções de qualquer intensidade e avaliando todos os subdomínios cognitivos. Foram incluídos estudos com indivíduos saudáveis, de ambos os sexos, com grupo controle inativo fisicamente, e com sessão única de exercício físico de qualquer tipo e intensidade como intervenção. A busca foi realizada em sete bases de dados, e dos 5.992 artigos identificados, 25 estudos, totalizando 7762 crianças e adolescentes com idades entre 5,8 e 16,49 anos, foram incluídos na metanálise. A maioria dos estudos avaliou crianças entre 9 e 13 anos de idade, com predominância de exercícios aeróbios e engajados cognitivamente, intensidade moderada a vigorosa, e duração entre 10 e 50 minutos. O controle inibitório foi o subdomínio mais investigado e observou-se que o efeito agudo do exercício físico impactou positivamente esse desfecho (SMD = 0,11; CI95% = 0,03 − 0,20; p = 0,006), apesar de não ter apresentado diferenças significativas para funções executivas como um todo e nem para os outros dois subdomínios. Quanto às características dos exercícios capazes de melhor beneficiar as funções executivas, as análises apontaram para exercícios aeróbios (SMD = 0,08; CI95% = 0,01 – 0,14; p = 0,015); e de intensidade moderada (SMD = 0,14; CI95% = 0,01 – 0,27; p = 0,038). Sendo assim, os achados sugerem que o exercício físico pode produzir benefícios agudos sobre o desempenho das funções executivas de crianças e adolescentes, especialmente sob determinadas condições.
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